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US criminalizes privacy tools, Zcash pivots as AI threat looms

Monday, May 25, 2026 · from 2 podcasts
  • Judges argue privacy tools are criminal once used illicitly, targeting developers.
  • Zcash leverages quantum-proof shielded pools to institutionalize privacy.
  • AI surveillance makes public ledgers a liability, ZK tech the shield.

The Roman Sterlingov appeal hearing shows the US regulatory pivot. Judges argued mixers are legal in theory but criminal in practice once they facilitate illicit transactions. Ungovernable Misfits hosts Max and Q see this as a de facto ban on privacy-preserving code.

Keone, co-founder of Samourai Wallet, issued an appeal from a West Virginia prison describing over $2 million in legal debt and a $250,000 fine. The DOJ demands immediate payments while he's incarcerated. The hosts describe it as a humiliation ritual. Community donations have raised roughly 1.69 BTC, scratching the surface.

“Privacy is the last PVE challenge to reorient crypto back to its cypherpunk ideals.”

- Mert Mumtaz, Bankless

On Bankless, Tushar Jain of Multicoin Capital argued Zcash is shedding its neglected reputation. It offers a 'Trojan horse' strategy: transparent mode for institutions, shielded pool for sovereignty. Jain warns ubiquitous on-chain visibility gives governments power to track financial history without warrants.

Mumtaz identifies a 1,000-day window to 'legalize privacy' under a friendly administration. AI models excel at analyzing unstructured data to link pseudonymous wallets to identities. He argues Zcash's SNARK-based shielded pool offers cryptographically provable privacy, unlike Monero's decoy architecture vulnerable to AI deanonymization.

“If an internationally accessible service must comply with every jurisdiction’s licensing, open-source development becomes impossible.”

- Ungovernable Misfits hosts Max and Q

The legal environment shifts from specific enforcement to broad surveillance. Bisq, a decentralized exchange, lost 11.59 BTC to an AI-assisted exploit. AI is a double-edged sword: Spiral launched Loop, an AI-powered service scanning open-source Bitcoin projects for vulnerabilities.

Mumtaz states Zcash is 'quantum recoverable' now, protecting shielded coins from quantum attacks, and will be fully quantum-proof by summer via Project Tachyon. He highlights Ledger's planned support for shielded ZEC and block time reduction from 75 to 25 seconds as catalysts.

The question is whether privacy can be institutionalized before developers are broken.

Source Intelligence

- Deep dive into what was said in the episodes

It's All So Tiresome | THE BITCOIN BRIEF 81May 20

  • The Samourai Wallet team, Keone and Lauren, face over $2 million in legal debt and a $250,000 fine from their federal conviction, urging community donations to cover these costs.
  • Keone highlights that Samourai Wallet served over 100,000 users and processed more than $2 billion through its open-source tools, which the government deemed criminal.
  • The community has donated 1.69 BTC, totaling $131,000, to Keone's appeal address, with the bulk coming from two 0.5 BTC transactions, demonstrating early support for his legal defense.
  • Bisq's v1 trade protocol was exploited on May 1, resulting in the drainage of 11.59 BTC from 10 users due to a missing validation check on taker-side fee values.
  • Bisq identified the exploit as likely AI-assisted, prompting a hotfix on May 16 and a reimbursement plan for affected users, with a DAO vote scheduled for May 25.
  • Roman Sterlingov's appeal hearing saw judges suggest mixers are "legal in theory, but not in practice" and questioned whether services must comply with all international licensing regimes.
  • The US Digital Asset Market Clarity Act passed the Senate Banking committee on May 15, integrating the Bank Secrecy Act 16 times and adding new Patriot Act special measures.
  • Lauren notes a carve-out in the Clarity Act's Section 604, rendering its protections for open-source developers against money transmitter liability ineffective due to an existing legal subsection (USC 1960).
  • Poland passed its EU MiCA-aligned crypto bill, coinciding with an investigation into the Zonda Crypto exchange's collapse, which caused $96 million in user losses and raised concerns about foreign influence.
  • Whirlpool.observer v1.0.1, a self-hostable blockchain reader by Vibrant BTC, launched to monitor Whirlpool activity, showing 89.25 BTC in the post-mixed pool and linking TXIDs to am.i.exposed for visualization.
  • Bull Bitcoin mobile has integrated Ledger hardware wallets and offers a new FSS hybrid storage strategy, CoinJoin privacy enhancements, and support for 11 additional languages.
  • JoinMarket NG v0.29 introduced a resume flag for tumbling plans, allowing users to pick up failed plans, and randomized fee points in dual offer splitting to enhance privacy.
  • Bolt's Backend v3.13.3 now supports full Arc (formerly Arcade) swaps and includes an EVM commitment swap lock-up flow, enabling swaps between Bitcoin and EVM chains using on-chain commitments.
Also from this episode: (7)

Protocol (2)

  • A Bitcoin Core use-after-free bug (CVE-2024-52911) affecting versions 0.14 through 28 was disclosed, having been quietly patched in version 29; a practical attack required significant proof of work.
  • Bitcoin Knots v29.3, released May 9, activated BIP 110 soft fork enforcement by default, prompting a public countdown by Jameson Lopp for its eventual fork-off from the main network.

Safety (1)

  • Blockstream's postmortem revealed the Bybit exploit that lost $1.5 billion leveraged malicious JavaScript injected into SAFE's multisig web front end, bypassing hardware wallet checks on complex Ethereum transactions.

AI & Tech (3)

  • A user recovered 5 BTC, worth $400,000, from an 11-year-old wallet after Claude (an LLM) found an older backup and identified/fixed a bug in the BTC Recover tool, which extracted the private keys.
  • Spiral and Block launched Loop, a free AI-powered vulnerability scanner for open-source Bitcoin projects, which uses LLMs to find code weaknesses and requires demonstrable test cases for all findings.
  • Umbrel released two mandatory security patches: v1.7.2 for CVE-2026-31431 (copy-fail) and v1.7.3 for a "dirty frag" vulnerability, both Linux kernel bugs potentially discovered by AI.

Lightning (1)

  • LDK server is a new API-first, fully functional Lightning node in daemon format built on LDK node, designed for easy integration into payment processors, wallets, and other applications.

"Crypto Without Privacy Isn't Crypto" - The Zcash Bull Case | Tushar Jain & Mert MumtazMay 19

  • Mert Mumtaz, disillusioned by crypto's institutionalization focusing on "APIs for the dollar," sees privacy as the "last PVE" (player-vs-environment) challenge to reorient crypto back to its cypherpunk ideals. He believes there are "a thousand days to win back freedom" for privacy.
  • Mert Mumtaz identifies institutionalization, AI's ability to deanonymize, global trends towards wealth taxation, and the two-and-a-half-year maturity of functional ZK technology as converging factors boosting Zcash. Zcash pioneered SNARKs but suffered from early tech immaturity.
  • Mert Mumtaz argues Zcash's SNARK-based "trustless shielded pool" offers stronger, cryptographically provable privacy compared to Monero's ring signatures and decoy architecture, which are vulnerable to AI-enhanced deanonymization. He compares Monero's criminal niche to Tron's usage due to first-mover advantage, not superior tech.
  • Tushar Jain states Zcash's brand is "privacy for the normal person," making it more palatable for institutions than Monero, while Mert Mumtaz calls it "private Bitcoin." Its transparent mode acts as a "Trojan horse" to draw institutional attention, potentially converting users to its shielded pool.
  • Mert Mumtaz emphasizes that privacy enables true fungibility, an essential property for a store of value, where digital assets lack traceable history and cannot be "tainted." Satoshi Nakamoto, he notes, wanted privacy for Bitcoin but lacked the necessary ZK technology.
  • Tushar Jain counters the bear case that "nobody cares about privacy" by citing 18 months of data showing a market segment does care about private store of value. Mert Mumtaz adds Zcash offers the best risk-adjusted opportunity, targeting 10% of Bitcoin's market cap.
  • Tushar Jain warns that ubiquitous on-chain transaction visibility gives governments power to track financial history without warrants, making privacy a critical defense of individual rights. Mert Mumtaz highlights Peter Thiel's concern over the FBI's preference for transparent chains, suggesting a misalignment with crypto ideals.
  • Zcash, released around 2013, mirrors Bitcoin's 21 million hard cap and proof-of-work halving schedule, with an added fee mechanism for token holder-voted funding. Tushar Jain notes Zcash was long "hugely inflationary" and "left for dead" due to poor usability and marketing.
  • Mert Mumtaz states Zcash is "quantum recoverable" now, protecting shielded coins from quantum attacks, and will be fully "quantum proof" by mid to late summer via Project Tachyon. Zcash's sealed shielded transactions prevent "Harvest Now Decrypt Later" attacks, a vulnerability for other privacy coins.
  • Mert Mumtaz highlights several Zcash catalysts: Ledger's planned support for shielded ZEC (currently 31-32% of total supply), the Paradigm and Andreessen Horowitz-backed Zodal wallet, and block time reduction from 75 to 25 seconds, enhancing transaction speed and ecosystem growth.
Also from this episode: (1)

VC (1)

  • Tushar Jain's firm, Multicoin Capital, made a sizable investment in Zcash after observing its narrative build, community support, and price strength endure a significant pullback and macro bear market.